1. J.E. Lilienfeld, US Patent 1,745,175 “Method and apparatus for controlling electric current” (filed in 1926, issued in 1930)
2. J.E. Lilienfeld, US Patent 1,900,018 “Device for controlling electric current” (filed in 1928, issued in 1933), US Patent 1,877,140 “Amplifier for electric current” (filed in 1928, issued in 1932)
3. O. Heil, German Patent 439,457 March 2, 1934
4. Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors;Shockley,1950
5. Modulation of conductance of thin films of semiconductors by surface charges;Shockley;Phys. Rev.,1948