1. http://www.railwayage.com/index.php/mechanical/freight-cars/ttci-rd-how-healthy-are-your-castings.html.
2. Final Report – Rail Inquiry 09–101 (incorporating 08–105): express freight train derailments owing to the failure of bogie side frames, various locations on the North Island Main Trunk, between 21 June 2008 and 7 May 2009. .
3. Moseng D, Cackovic D. AAR coupling system and truck castings committee. In: 44th Annual MARTS technical conference, Chicago, Illinois, September 12–14, 2007.
4. Fatigue design;Osgood,1970
5. Association of American Railroads. M-1001, 7.3.2.20 Coupler Load, Loaded 100-Ton Hopper Car, AAR Manual of Standards and Recommended Practices/Design, Fabrication, and Construction of Freight Cars; 09/22/2006.