1. UIC. 811-1 Technical specification for the supply of axles for tractive and trailing stock 4th ed. of 1.1.87 with sulphur prints EN 13261 Railway applications – Wheelsets and bogies – Axles – Product requirements.
2. ASM. Handbook vol. 9. Metallography and microstructures, ASM international; 1985. pp. 195, 205, 213, 232.
3. ASM. Handbook vol. 11. Failure analysis and prevention, ASM international, 1986, 490–513 (Failures of rolling-element bearings), 715–727 (Failures of locomotive axles).
4. FAG: Wälzlagerschäden – Schädenserkennung und Begutachtung gelaufener Wälzlager.