1. Japanese Industrial Standard: JIS E 4207, Truck frames for railway rolling stock-general rules for design, 2004.
2. UIC Code 515-4. Passenger rolling stock-trailer bogies and running gear-bogie frame structure strength tests, 1993.
3. UIC Code 615-4. Motive power units-bogies and running gear-bogie frame structure strength tests, 2003.
4. EN 13749. Railway applications-Methods of specifying structural requirements of bogie frames. European Committee for Standardization, 2005.
5. Application of engineering method for welding fatigue strength of locomotive bogie frame;Cao;Chinese J. Construct. Mach.,2018