1. European Standard EN13103 (2001): Railway application – Wheelsets and bogies - Non-powered axles – Design method, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
2. European Standard EN13104 (2001): Railway application – Wheelsets and bogies - Powered axles – Design method, European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Brussels, Belgium.
3. G. Mancini, A. Corbizi, F. Lombardo, S. Cervello. Design of railway axles in compliance with the European Norms: high strength alloyed steels compared to standard steels, Proceedings of the World Congress on Railway Research, Montreal, Canada, 4-8 June, 2006. Available on http://www.railwayresearch.org/WCRR-Congresses-2001-2008, accessed on 31.08.2015.
4. UNI 6787:1971, “Assi fucinati di acciaio speciale legato, bonificati, ad elevate caratteristiche di fatica e di tenacità per sale montate di rotabili ferroviari. Qualità, prescrizioni e prove.”, Italian Standardization Body UNI, 1971.
5. R.A. Smith, S. Hillmansen. Monitoring fatigue in railway axles. In Proceedings of the 13th International Wheelset Congress, Rome, Italy, 2001.