1. See, e.g., Nicholas Stern, The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007); Adonis Yatchew, “Economics of Energy, Big Ideas for the Non-Economist,” Energy Research & Social Science Vol. 1 (2014) 74–82.
2. For an early discussion of technological lock-in, termed momentum, see Thomas Hughes, "Technological Momentum in History: Hydrogenation in Germany 1898-1933," Past and Present, No. 44, 1989, pp. 106-132. The idea gained currency more broadly when adopted by economists
3. e.g., Brian Arthur, "Competing Technologies, Increasing Returns, and Lock-In by Historical Events," Economic Journal Vol. 99 (1989) pp. 116-131.
4. The radical uncertainty of the future;Alic;Technol. Forecasting Social Change,1999
5. “Roughly, by a complex system I mean one made up of a large number of parts that interact in a nonsimple way.” Herbert A. Simon, “The Architecture of Complexity,” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 106 (6) (1962) pp. 467–482, quotation from p. 468.