1. Ashton, T.S., 1962. The Industrial Revolution 1760–1830. Oxford University Press, London.
2. Bairoch, P., Batou, J., Chèvre, P., 1988. The population of European cities, 800–1850. Librairie Droz, Geneva.
3. Histoire générale de la presse française;Bellanger,1969
4. Brown, G., 1994. Introduction. The Carolingian renaissance. In: R. McKitterick (Ed.), Carolingian Culture. Emulation and Innovation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–51.
5. Cameron, R., 1993. A Concise Economic History of the World, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford.