1. Standard for design of steel structures;GB50017-2017,2017
2. Universal charts for determining the effective length of compres-sion columns;Geng;Eng Mech,2014
3. Effective length and rigidity of columns;Mekonnen;Acids Struct J,1987
4. Modified approaches for calculation of effective length factor of frames;Chen;Adv. Steel Construct.,2015
5. New simple equations for effective length factors;Salama;HBRC J,2014