1. Nicholas DiFonzo and Prashant Bordia,“A tale of two corporations: Managing uncertainty during organizational change,” Human Resource Management Journal 37 (1998), pp. 295–304; Nicholas DiFonzo, Prashant Bordia, and Ralph L. Rosnow, “Reining in Rumors,” Organizational Dynamics 23 (1994), pp. 47–62.
2. Larry R. Smeltzer and Marie F. Zener,“Development of a Model for Announcing Major Layoffs,” Group and Organization Studies 17 (1992), p. 468; see also Larry D. Burlew, Jo Ellyn Pederson, and Barbara Bradley, “The Reaction of Managers to the Preacquisition Stage of a Corporate Merger: A Qualitative Study,” Journal of Career Development 21 (1994), pp. 11–22; Larry R. Smeltzer, “An analysis of Strategies for Announcing Organization-Wide Change,” Group and Organization Studies 16 (1991), pp. 5–24.
3. Prashant Bordia and Ralph L. Rosnow,“Rumor Rest Stops on the Information Highway: A Naturalistic Study of Transmission Patterns in a Computer-Mediated Rumor Chain,” Human Communication Research 25 (1998), pp. 163–179; Nicholas DiFonzo and Prashant Bordia, “Rumor and Prediction: Making Sense (But Losing Dollars) in the Stock Market,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 71 (1997), pp. 329–353; Nicholas DiFonzo and Prashant Bordia, 1998, op. cit.; Nicholas DiFonzo, Prashant Bordia, and Ralph L. Rosnow, op. cit.
4. Response rate was calculated as in Don A. Dillman, Mail and telephone surveys: The Total Design Method (New York: Wiley, 1978), p. 50; completed returns divided by [number in sample − (ineligible + nonreachable)].
5. Ibid, pp. 79–199.