1. Magna Powertrain, KULI Tutorial Manual, version 7.0, pp. 163–181.
2. Bernhard Uhl, Fredrich Brotz, Jurgen Fauser, Uwe Kruger, Development of Engine Cooling Systems by Coupling CFD Simulations and Heat Exchanger Analysis Programs, SAE Paper 2001-01-1695.
3. Andres Jerhamre, Andres Jonson, Development and Validation of Coolant Temperature and Cooling Air Flow CFD Simulations at Volvo Cars, SAE Paper 2004-01-0051.
4. Tetsuya Sakai, Shinichi Ishiguro, Yoshifusa Sudoh, The Optimum Design of Engine Cooling System by Computer Simulation, SAE Paper 942270.
5. John Moffat, Coupling of 1D and 3D CFD Models to Predict Transient Hydraulics in an Engine Cooling Circuit, SAE Paper 2002-01-1285.