1. F. Kroupi, A Heuristic Based Approach to Press Tool Design Assembly, Ph.D Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1989.
2. Y.H.D.V. Prasad, Some Studies on Problems Associated with Automated Design of Cutting Dies for Sheet Metal, Ph.D Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, 1992.
3. B.D. Burkhalter, An Investigation of Packing with Emphasis on the Two Dimensional Pattern Creates Problem, Ph.D Thesis, Engineering Department, University of Michigan, 1964.
4. Nesting two-dimensional shapes in in rectangular modules;Adamowicz;Comp. Aided Des.,1976
5. Efficient nesting of congruent convex figures;Dori;Comm. Ass. Comp. Machinist,1984