1. R. Grant, Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm, Strategic Management Journal 17, 109–122 (1996); G. Hedlund, A model of knowledge management and the N-form corporation, Strategic Management Journal 15, 73–90 (1994); I. Nonaka and H. Takeuchi, The Knowledge-creating Company, Oxford University Press, New York (1995).
2. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities and the replication of technology;Kogut;Organisation Science,1992
3. S. G.Winter, Knowledge and competence as strategic assets, in D. Teece (ed.), The Competitive Challenge—Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal, Ballinger, Cambridge, MA (1987); B. Kogut and U. Zander, Knowledge of the firm and evolutionary theory of the multinational corporation, Journal of International Business Studies 26(4), 625–644 (1993).
4. Exploiting a Technological Edge: Voluntary And Involuntary Dissemination of Technology;Zander,1991
5. Contingency theory dates back to the late 1960s. See J. R. Galbraith, Designing Complex Organisations, Addison-Wesley, Reading MA (1973); P. Lawrence and J. Lorsch, Organisation and Environment: Managing Differentiation and Integration, Harvard University, Boston, MA (1967). In this context the work on technology as a contingency variable is more relevant. See J. Woodward, Industrial Organisation: Theory and Practise, Oxford University Press, London (1966); D. Gerwin, The comparative analysis of structure and technology. A critical appraisal, Academy of Management Review 4, 41–51 (1979).