1. A bridge column with superelastic NiTi SMA and replaceable rubber hinge for earthquake damage mitigation;Varela;Smart Mater Struct,2016
2. Tazarv M, Alam MS. Shape Memory Alloy for Bridge Columns. In: 11th U.S. National Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Earthqake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, California; 2018.
3. Near-fault ground motion effects on reinforced concrete bridge columns;Phan;J Struct Eng,2007
4. Caltrans. Seismic Design Criteria Version 1.3. California Department of transportation, Sacramento, California; 2004.
5. AASHTO. Bridge design specifications. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, Washington, DC; 2002.