1. “From barber-surgeon to modern doctor,”;Ackerknecht;Bulletin of the History of Medicine,1984
2. Homer, The Iliad, trans. R LaHimore (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).
3. Historical Landmarks: Wound Healing Users Guide;Lawrence,1984
4. The Rise of Surgery: From Empiric Craft to Scientific Discipline;Wangensteen,1978
5. A Pare, La Methode de Traicter Les Playes Faictes par Hacquebutes et Aultres Bastone a Feu (Paris: Gaulterot, 1545), quoted in The Works of that Famous Chirurgion Ambrose Parey, trans. T Johnson (New York: Melford House, 1968).