Freeze-drying of pharmaceuticals in vials on trays: effects of drying chamber wall temperature and tray side on lyophilization performance

Author:

Gan K.H.,Bruttini R.,Crosser O.K.,Liapis A.I.

Publisher

Elsevier BV

Subject

Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes,Mechanical Engineering,Condensed Matter Physics

Reference16 articles.

1. Biophysics and Biochemistry at Low Temperature;Franks,1985

2. Inter-vial variance of the sublimation rate in shelf freeze-dryer;Kobayashi;Actes Congr. Int. Froid, 18th,1991

3. Modeling of the primary and secondary drying stages of the freeze drying of pharmaceutical products in vials: numerical results obtained from the solution of a dynamic and spatially multi-dimensional lyophilization model for different operational policies;Sheehan;Biotechnol. Bioeng.,1998

4. Freeze-Drying/Lyophilization of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products,1999

5. Effect of freeze drying and gamma irradiation on the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone;Cornu;J. Orthop. Res.,2000

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