1. American Psychiatric Association (2000). DSM-IV-TR: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
2. Potential determinants of heavier Internet usage;Armstrong;International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2000
3. Self-perception: An alternative interpretation of cognition dissonance phenomena;Bem;Psychological Review,1972
4. Benesse Educational Research and Development Center (2005). Dai 1-kai kodomo seikatsu jittai kihon chousa [A survey on children’s daily lives: Study 1]. Retrieved June 3, 2007, from http://benesse.jp/berd/center/open/report/kodomoseikatu_data/2005/sokuho_pdf/kodomoseikatu_data.pdf (in Japanese).
5. Internet addiction among Chinese adolescents: Prevalence and psychological features;Cao;Child: Care, Health and Development,2006