Acanthamoeba and the blood–brain barrier: the breakthrough

Author:

Khan Naveed Ahmed1

Affiliation:

1. School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London WC1E 7HX, UK

Abstract

Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis is a rare disease that almost always proves fatal. Death occurs mainly due to neurological complications; however, the pathogenesis and pathophysiology associated with this disease remain incompletely understood. Haematogenous spread is a key step in the development of Acanthamoeba encephalitis, but it is not clear how circulating amoebae breakthrough the blood–brain barrier to gain entry into the central nervous system to produce the disease. This review of the literature describes the parasite factors and immune-mediated mechanisms involved in the blood–brain barrier dysfunction leading to neuropathogenesis.

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

Microbiology (medical),General Medicine,Microbiology

Reference39 articles.

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3. Extracellular proteases of Acanthamoeba castellanii (encephalitis isolate belonging to T1 genotype) contribute to increased permeability in an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier;Alsam;J Infect,2005b

4. Prolactin-cytokine network in defence against Acanthamoeba castellanii in murine microglia;Benedetto;Eur Cytokine Netw,2002a

5. Complex network of cytokines activating murine microglial cell activity against Acanthamoeba castellanii;Benedetto;Eur Cytokine Netw,2002b

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