1. Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
2. Infectious Diseases Control, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
3. Streptococcus and Diphtheria Reference Unit, Respiratory and Systemic Infections Department, Health Protection Agency Centre for Infections, London, UK
4. Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan