Metabolic pathway of anaerobic ammonium oxidation on the basis of 15N studies in a fluidized bed reactor

Author:

van de Graaf Astrid A.1,de Bruijn Peter1,Robertson Lesley A.1,Jetten Mike S. M.1,Kuenen J. Gijs1

Affiliation:

1. Kluyver Laboratory for Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology and Enzymology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands

Abstract

Summary: A novel metabolic pathway for anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite as the electron acceptor has been elucidated using 15N-Iabelled nitrogen compounds. These experiments showed that ammonium was biologically oxidized with hydroxylamine as the most probable electron acceptor. The hydroxylamine itself is most likely derived from nitrite. Batch experiments in which ammonium was oxidized with hydroxylamine transiently accumulated hydrazine. The conversion of hydrazine to dinitrogen gas is postulated as the reaction generating electron equivalents for the reduction of nitrite to hydroxylamine. During the conversion of ammonium, a small amount of nitrate was formed from some of the nitrite. The addition of NH2OH to an operating fluidized bed system caused a stoichiometric increase in the ammonium conversion rate (1 mmol I−1 h−1) and a decrease in the nitrate production rate (0.5 mmol I−1 h−1). Addition of hydrazine also caused a decrease in nitrate production. On the basis of these findings, it is postulated that the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate could provide the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria with the reducing equivalents necessary for CO2 fixation.

Funder

Foundation of Applied Research (S.T.W.) and Gist-brocades

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

Microbiology

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