Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic and slightly halophilic filamentous bacterium from the phylum Bacteroidetes

Abstract

A strictly aerobic, thermophilic, moderately acidophilic, non-spore-forming bacterium, strain P373T, was isolated from geothermally heated soil at Waikite, New Zealand. Cells were filamentous rods, 0.2–0.4 µm in diameter and grew in chains up to 80 µm in length. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain P373T was shown to belong to the family Chitinophagaceae (class Sphingobacteriia ) of the phylum Bacteroidetes , with the most closely related cultivated strain, Chitinophaga pinensis UQM 2034T, having 87.6 % sequence similarity. Cells stained Gram-negative, and were catalase- and oxidase-positive. The major fatty acids were i-15 : 0 (10.8 %), i-17 : 0 (24.5 %) and i-17 : 0 3-OH (35.2 %). Primary lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and three other unidentified polar lipids. The presence of sulfonolipids (N-acyl-capnines) was observed in the total lipid extract by mass spectrometry. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.3 mol% and the primary respiratory quinone was MK-7. Strain P373T grew at 35–63 °C with an optimum temperature of 60 °C, and at pH 5.5–8.7 with an optimum growth pH of 7.3–7.4. NaCl tolerance was up to 5 % (w/v) with an optimum of 0.1–0.25 % (w/v). Cell colonies were non-translucent and pigmented vivid yellow–orange. Cells displayed an oxidative chemoheterotrophic metabolism. The distinct phylogenetic position and the phenotypic characteristics separate strain P373T from all other members of the phylum Bacteroidetes and indicate that it represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Thermoflavifilum aggregans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is P373T ( = ICMP 20041T = DSM 27268T).