Affiliation:
1. Leibniz-Institut DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
2. Bereich Mikrobiologie, Biologie I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
3. Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Braunschweig, Germany
4. Institute of Bacteriology, Mycology and Hygiene (IBMH), University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
Abstract
A previously undescribed aerobic, non-sporulating bacterium, strain G1A_585T, was isolated from an oligotrophic freshwater lake in Bavaria, Germany. The rod-shaped cells were Gram-stain-negative and non-motile. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain G1A_585T was a member of the family
Sphingomonadaceae
and shared <95.2 % similarity with type strains of all members of the most closely related genus,
Sphingopyxis
. Phyogenetically, the isolate shared a root with strains of three marine species,
Sphingopyxis flavimaris
DSM 16223T,
Sphingopyxis marina
DSM 22363T and
Sphingopyxis litoris
DSM 22379T. The polar lipids of strain G1A_585T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipids, three glycolipids and one unknown lipid. Ubiquinone-10 was the dominant quinone (93.1 %) and ubiquinone-9 (6.5 %) was also detected. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c and/or C18 : 1ω6c; 38.2 %); C16 : 1ω7c (33.6 %) and C14 : 0 2-OH (17.8 %). The major polyamine was spermidine and traces of 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine and spermine were also detected. The DNA G+C content of strain G1A_585T was 55.7 mol% and the isolate was oxidase- and catalase-positive. Based on the phylogenetic relationship, the low DNA G+C content compared with most other members of the genus
Sphingopyxis
and the presence of signature nucleotides in the 16S rRNA gene sequence, a novel species in a new genus and species, Sphingorhabdus planktonica gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed; the type strain of Sphingorhabdus planktonica is G1A_585T ( = DSM 25081T = LMG 26646T). Because
Sphingopyxis flavimaris
DSM 16223T,
Sphingopyxis marina
DSM 22363T and
Sphingopyxis litoris
DSM 22379T form a phylogenetic group together with strain G1A_585T that is clearly separated from all other known
Sphingopyxis
strains and share signature nucleotides, these three
Sphingopyxis
strains are reclassified as members of the proposed novel genus Sphingorhabdus: Sphingorhabdus flavimaris comb. nov. (type strain SW-151T = DSM 16223T = KCTC 12232T), Sphingorhabdus marina comb. nov. (type strain FR1087T = DSM 22363T = IMSNU 14132T = KCTC 12763T = JCM 14161T) and Sphingorhabdus litoris comb. nov. (type strain FR1093T = DSM 22379T = IMSNU 14133T = KCTC 12764T = JCM 14162T).
Funder
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Subject
General Medicine,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics,Microbiology