The risk of pig and chicken farming for carriage and transmission of Escherichia coli containing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes in Thailand

Author:

Sudatip Duangdao1234,Mostacci Nadezda2,Tiengrim Surapee5,Thamlikitkul Visanu6,Chasiri Kittipong7,Kritiyakan Anamika6,Phanprasit Wantanee1,Thinphovong Chuanphot5,Abdallah Rim8,Baron Sophie Alexandra8,Rolain Jean-Marc8,Morand Serge97,Oppliger Anne3,Hilty Markus2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

2. Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

3. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Unisanté, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

4. Faculty of Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand

5. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand

6. Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

7. Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

8. MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France

9. MIVEGEC, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France

Abstract

South-East Asian countries report a high prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESC-) and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli (Col-R-Ec). However, there are still few studies describing the molecular mechanisms and transmission dynamics of ESC-R-Ec and, especially, Col-R-Ec. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and transmission dynamics of Ec containing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes using a 'One Health' design in Thailand. The ESC-R-Ec and Col-R-Ec isolates of human stool samples (69 pig farmers, 155 chicken farmers, and 61 non-farmers), rectal swabs from animals (269 pigs and 318 chickens), and the intestinal contents of 196 rodents were investigated. Resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics of Ec isolates (n=638) were studied using short and long read sequencing. We found higher rates of ESBL-Ec isolates among pig farmers (n=36; 52.2%) than among chicken farmers (n=58; 37.4 %; P<0.05) and the control group (n=61; 31.1 %; P<0.05). Ec with co-occurring ESBL and mcr genes were found in 17 (6.0 %), 50 (18.6 %) and 15 (4.7 %) samples from humans, pigs and chickens, respectively. We also identified 39 (13.7 %) human samples with non-identical Ec containing ESBL and mcr. We found higher rates of ESBL-Ec, in particular CTX-M-55, isolates among pig farmers than among non-pig farmers (P<0.01). 'Clonal' animal-human transmission of ESBL-Ec and Ec with mcr genes was identified but rare as we overall found a heterogenous population structure of Ec. The Col-R-Ec from human and animal samples often carried mcr-1.1 on conjugative IncX4 plasmids. The latter has been identified in Ec of many different clonal backgrounds.

Funder

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

General Medicine

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