Metagenomic analysis of mesopelagic Antarctic plankton reveals a novel deltaproteobacterial group

Author:

Moreira David1,Rodríguez-Valera Francisco2,López-García Purificación1

Affiliation:

1. Unité d'Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, CNRS UMR 8079, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France

2. División de Microbiología and Evolutionary Genomics Group, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de San Juan, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain

Abstract

Phylogenetic screening of 3200 clones from a metagenomic library of Antarctic mesopelagic picoplankton allowed the identification of two bacterial 16S-rDNA-containing clones belonging to the Deltaproteobacteria, DeepAnt-1F12 and DeepAnt-32C6. These clones were very divergent, forming a monophyletic cluster with the environmental sequence GR-WP33-58 that branched at the base of the myxobacteria. Except for the possession of complete rrn operons without associated tRNA genes, DeepAnt-1F12 and DeepAnt-32C6 were very different in gene content and organization. Gene density was much higher in DeepAnt-32C6, whereas nearly one-third of DeepAnt-1F12 corresponded to intergenic regions. Many of the predicted genes encoded by these metagenomic clones were informational (i.e. involved in replication, transcription, translation and related processes). Despite this, a few putative cases of horizontal gene transfer were detected, including a transposase. DeepAnt-1F12 contained one putative gene encoding a long cysteine-rich protein, probably membrane-bound and Ca2+-binding, with only eukaryotic homologues. DeepAnt-32C6 carried some predicted genes involved in metabolic pathways that suggested this organism may be anaerobic and able to ferment and to degrade complex compounds extracellularly.

Publisher

Microbiology Society

Subject

Microbiology

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