Fructobacillus papyriferae sp. nov., Fructobacillus papyrifericola sp. nov., Fructobacillus broussonetiae sp. nov. and Fructobacillus parabroussonetiae sp. nov., isolated from paper mulberry in Taiwan

Abstract

Five Gram-stain-positive strains (M1-10T, M1-13, M1-21T, M2-14T and S1-1T) were isolated from paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) in Taiwan. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile, non-haemolytic, asporogenous, facultatively anaerobic, heterofermentative, and did not exhibit catalase and oxidase activities. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these novel strains belonged to the genus Fructobacillus . On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the type strains of Fructobacillus fructosus and Fructobacillus durionis were the closest neighbours to strains M1-10T, M1-13, M1-21T, M2-14T and S1-1T. Sequence analyses of concatenated two partial housekeeping genes, the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoC) and recombinase A (recA) also indicated that the novel strains belonged to the genus Fructobacillus . The 16S rRNA and concatenated rpoC and recA gene sequence similarities between strains M1-10T and M1-13 were 100 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity values of M1-10T, M1-21T, M2-14T and S1-1T with F. fructosus and F. durionis were 75.1–78.9% and 76.5–77.5 %, respectively. The digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 19.7–21.5% and 19.6–20.4 %, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic test results demonstrated that these strains represent four novel species of the genus Fructobacillus , for which the names Fructobacillus papyriferae sp. nov., Fructobacillus papyrifericola sp. nov., Fructobacillus broussonetiae sp. nov. and Fructobacillus parabroussonetiae sp. nov. are proposed with the type strains M1-10T (=BCRC 81237T=NBRC 114433T), M1-21T (=BCRC 81239T=NBRC 114435T), M2-14T (=BCRC 81240T=NBRC 114436T) and S1-1T (=BCRC 81241T=NBRC 114437T), respectively.