Evaluating the Effectiveness of United Nations Peace-Building Strategies in South Sudan

Abstract

This article evaluates the effectiveness of United Nations peace-building programs in South Sudan. The study aimed to identify the main United Nations peace-building strategies, determine how local perceptions impact United Nations peace-building strategies, and illustrate the effectiveness of United Nations peace-building strategies in supporting sustainable peace in South Sudan. The study borrows from liberal institutionalism and conflict transformation theory. The theories explain the collaborative approach to addressing the root causes of conflict in South Sudan. The study employed a mixed-methods design, utilizing descriptive statistics including SSP version 28 for quantitative data and thematic excerpt evaluation for qualitative data. This enabled the study to explore the effectiveness of various peace-building strategies, gaps, and interventions. It targeted military peacekeepers, including troops, staff officers, military observers (MILOBs), and police, including both UN police and GOSS local police, accumulating to 3280. A sample size of 354 was determined by the Yamane’s  formula, and participants were sampled through cluster sampling, convenience sampling, and purposive sampling. Primary data collection methods included questionnaires, focus group discussions (FDGs), and interview schedules. Secondary data was collected through a review of various publications. Specifically, it highlights the impact of DDR and SSR programs and other economic reforms as conflict management and prevention mechanisms.  The findings show that the mission in South Sudan has provided essential support during and post-conflict, improving local and national coping mechanisms. Despite challenges in funding, coordination, and sustainability, the mission has significantly impacted peace-building efforts. Recommendations include enhancing resources, integrating third-party donors, and focusing on mental, physical, and vocational well-being. Additionally, follow-up interventions for ex-combatants will boost sustainability. Strengthening conflict resolution, protecting civilians, and fostering inclusive dialogue will help UNMISS achieve lasting peace in South Sudan.