Abstract
The complex interplay between hypothyroidism and gut microbiota is investigated, particularly focusing on how minerals such as iodine, selenium, and iron affect thyroid function and the involvement of gut bacteria in their absorption and processing. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota regulate mineral absorption and thyroid hormone metabolism are clarified, emphasizing their importance in hypothyroidism management and treatment outcomes. Furthermore, the influence of sex hormones and age on gut microbiota composition is analyzed, suggesting a potential role in hypothyroidism development. Additionally, while probiotics hold promise for managing hypothyroidism, conflicting evidence from clinical trials highlights the need for further research to ascertain their efficacy.