Perspective Chapter: Ovarian Reproductive Aging and Rejuvenation Strategies

Abstract

The ovarian milieu, which includes increased vasculature, different growth factors, necessary hormone synthesis, and appropriate granulosa cell function, is essential for oocyte maturation. Keeping the microenvironment in a state of equilibrium is crucial for healthy ovarian function. However, as people age, their tissues rebuild less effectively, leading to an imbalance in the microenvironment’s homeostasis and ovarian fibrosis, which finally causes ovarian function to deteriorate. As a result, full restoration of ovarian microenvironment health is required to enhance ovarian function. The precise identification of the molecular pathways involved in ovarian aging can help to devise therapy techniques that can decrease ovarian decay and boost the amount and quality of oocytes available for IVF. Antioxidants, melatonin, growth hormones, and mitochondrial and cell therapy are among the available treatments. All of these treatments must be considered in light of every couple’s history and current biological parameters, and a personalized (patient-tailored) therapy program must be developed. In this chapter, we aim to give an overview on the identified mechanism involved in female reproductive aging and potential therapeutic approaches to amend reproductive efficiency.