Nanotechnology-Based Stem Cell Therapy: Current Status and Perspectives

Abstract

The nanoparticles or nanobots are equivalent to the size of biological molecules of the human body and this is claimed to be the massive advantage of nanotechnology. Currently, top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods are being adopted to synthesize nanomaterials. Hence, the products developed from nanotechnology can be used for assessment of several biological parameters under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Effective production of nanoparticles, accompanied by the advent of novel characterization studies, enables us to manipulate the arrangement of atoms distributed on the surface of the nanomaterials to make it functionally more effective than before. In addition to the support imparted by nanotechnology, it also plays a primary role in the field of diagnostics. Another important outcome of nanotechnology is nanomedicine, which deals with the site-specific delivery of drugs with the aid of fabricated nanosystems. The advent of technology in recent years has enabled researchers to build novel forms of drug delivery systems like liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles and nanocrystals, which in turn ensure the précised delivery of drugs to suitable targets. Several need-based and value-added applications of nanotechnology are enlisted in the chapter.