Author:
Goins Megan,Lovell Katie,Keel Greyson,Cook Julia,Lust Robert
Abstract
Smoking, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance and family history all are well established general risk factors broadly associated with injury in the cardiovascular system. Similarly, echocardiography, electrocardiography, MRI, PET scans and circulating biomarkers like cardiac Troponin (cTn) provide indications that injury has occurred. Traditionally, cardiovascular injury has been attributed to conditions that exacerbate the potential for ischemia, either by producing excessive metabolic/work demands or by impairing the perfusion necessary to support the metabolic/work demands. This review summarizes additional factors that are underappreciated in contributing to the risk of injury, such as iatrogenic injury secondary to treatment for other conditions, infection, environmental exposures, and autoimmune processes.
Reference129 articles.
1. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task Force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019, 2019;140(11):e596-e646. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678
2. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/risk_factors.htm
3. Available from: https://www.cvriskcalculator.com
4. Available from: https://tools.acc.org/ascvd-risk-estimator-plus/#!/calculate/estimate/
5. Mele D, Tocchetti CG, Pagliaro P, Madonna R, Novo G, Pepe A, et al. Pathophysiology of anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine (Hagerstown, Md.). 2016;17(Suppl. 1):e3-e11. Special issue on Cardiotoxicity from Antiblastic Drugs and Cardioprotection. DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000378 PMID: 27755237