Abstract
Recent research has suggested a potential association between serotonin and idiopathic scoliosis, a complex spinal deformity of unknown origin. Studies have explored genetic associations, altered serotonin levels, and the effects of serotonin-related medications in the context of idiopathic scoliosis. Genetic studies have identified significant associations between idiopathic scoliosis and serotonin-related genes, indicating a potential genetic predisposition to the condition. Furthermore, altered serotonin levels have been observed in patients with idiopathic scoliosis, with lower serum serotonin levels reported compared to healthy controls. This chapter reviews some of the published genomic variants associated with idiopathic scoliosis. The effects of serotonin-related medications have also been investigated, highlighting potential therapeutic benefits. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the association between serotonin and idiopathic scoliosis remain unclear, warranting further research. While theoretical and animal models have shown connections between serotonin metabolism and idiopathic scoliosis, there are uncertainties when translating this information into clinical practice for primary care and other musculoskeletal specialty providers. This chapter outlines the serotonergic pathways of musculoskeletal function, serotonin clinical laboratory testing methods, as well as clinical management strategies including pharmacological, nutrient, dietary, and lifestyle-based options.