Author:
Malhotra Shalini,Ilanchezhiyan Nainaraj,Patil Sakshi,Kumar Pradeep,Malhotra Akshita,Chelladurai Chelsia,Kaur Bhatia NirmalJit
Abstract
Trypanosomes are hemoflagellates that reside in peripheral blood and tissues of the host caused by infection with protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Trypanosoma. Types: Human African Trypanosomiasis – HAT (sleeping sickness) &American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease). Metacyclic trypomastigotes is the infective form. C/F includes Fever, headaches, irritability, extreme fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, aching muscles and joints. Chronic Chagas’: cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure. Diagnosis: examination of blood smears during the acute disease usually shows trypomastigotes. Serologic testing is used for screening purposes only. PCR of kDNA may also be used. Isothermal amplification technology (i.e., RPA or LAMP), possibly enhanced by combining it with a highly specific CRISPR-Cas step, will fulfil all the requirements of a modern target product profile for HAT diagnosis. Drugs used are Pentamidine, Suramin (first stage) & Melarsoprol, Eflornithine, Nifurtimox (second stage). Fexinidazole is used in both stages. Newer drugs include Pafuramidine & Acoziborole
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