Tolerance of Plant Cell Wall to Environment

Abstract

Drought and flooding of soil are negatively factors for growth and development of plants. Exogenous factors, including moisture of soil, intensity of sun light, temperature, salinization, the content and diffusion rate of CO2 and O2 is main that influence terrestrial and flood plants. Cell walls actively participate in the mechanisms of plant adaptation to drought and flooding. It has been established that the resistance of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions is due to the plasticity of the structural, biochemical and functional characteristics of plant cell walls, that manifests itself in a change of ultrastructure cell walls, density of stomata and wax in leaf epidermis, compacting or loosening of cell walls, presence of cuticle pores, change of content of crystalline and amorphous cellulose, hemicellulose, callose and lignin and change in a ratio of syringyl/quajacyl monolignols and also expression of the specific genes.