Abstract
Throughout the chapter, we will discuss the chemical characteristics of vitamin D, its sources, its metabolism in the liver and kidneys. We will also discuss its endocrine and genomic mechanisms of action. We will describe the roles of vitamin D on the maintenance of calcium phosphate homeostasis, its role on the intestinal absorption of calcium as well as its action at the renal and bone levels and on the feedback exercised at the level of the parathyroid glands. A chapter will be devoted to the reference values of serum 25(OH)D as well as the thresholds used in children and adults. We will describe the techniques for the determination of 25(OH) D. We will describe the intervention studies showing positive effects of vitamin D. Finally, we will cite the epidemiological data on the status of vitamin D with the various determinants linked to hypovitaminosis D. We will end with recommendations in terms of supplementation.
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