The Role of Phytogenic Feed Additives in Modulating Poultry Nutritional Physiology and Genomics

Abstract

In this chapter, the effects of phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) on the performance, intestinal health, microbiota, oxidative stress, antioxidant defense system, gene expression, and protein production of poultry were examined. PFAs consist of plant-derived components such as essential oils, flavonoids, saponins, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids. They have gained increasing popularity in recent years as alternative growth-promoting products to antibiotics used for animal nutrition. Studies have indicated that PFAs positively affect the overall health and productivity of poultry. Indeed, it has been observed that the use of PFAs in poultry nutrition enhances performance, modifies intestinal microbiota and morphology, and modulates gene expression and protein synthesis. Thus, the use of PFAs in poultry farming is an important alternative to increasing productivity and transitioning to a more sustainable and natural production system. However, further research is needed to understand the efficacy and safety of PFAs, interactions between different phytogenic components, and their synergistic effects. Furthermore, determining the appropriate levels and application methods is crucial to guide producers and reach a wider audience in poultry farming. In conclusion, supporting the use of phytogenic feed additives within the framework of legal regulations and standards is important for the sustainability of the industry and health of consumers.