Exploring the Effect of Genetic, Environmental and Lifestyle Factors on Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system inflammatory illness that begins with immune system dysregulation and impairs information flow inside the brain as well as between the brain and the rest of the body. The cause of MS is yet unknown. The interplay of genetic predispositions with environmental/lifestyle factors, such as smoking, obesity, viral exposure, and insufficient sun exposure, has led to numerous theories. This is reinforced by a major discovery of gene–environment (GxE) interaction, which could provide information on the disease’s molecular pathways to aid in the identification of new therapy and preventative strategies, as well as steer disease exploration to new lifestyle suggestions. While some persons with the major susceptibility to MS have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class II gene, according to genetic studies. We will cover recent studies relating to several genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, as well as their impact on MS, in this chapter.