Magnesium Intake in the Mediterranean Diet

Abstract

The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is a nutritional pattern native to many cultures within the Mediterranean Basin. The diet is composed of fruits, vegetables, fish, eggs, fermented dairy, grains, poultry, and minimal consumption of red meats such as lamb and beef. The diet encourages the consumption of extra virgin olive oil and moderate red wine for those who consume alcohol. The diet does not incorporate processed foods and sugary beverages. The MedDiet is rich in many micronutrients and has a healthful fatty acid profile (primarily mono- and polyunsaturated fats, with low amounts of saturated fats). The diet is rich in foods with high magnesium content, such as leafy green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and some lesser magnesium-rich foods (e.g., fish). The MedDiet is associated with reduced incidence of several diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Magnesium intake has been shown to play a prominent role in the prevention and management of many of these diseases, with some of the disease-preventing capacity of the MedDiet likely caused by its high magnesium content. Those making nutritional recommendations in line with the concepts of MedDiet should particularly encourage the consumption of foods high in magnesium.