Abstract
Main resource of zirconia is the mineral zircon which occurs in beach sand and placer deposits. Alkali fusion and thermal plasma dissociation are the frequently adopted procedures to convert zircon to zirconia. Synthesis of different zirconia phases (monoclinic, cubic, and tetragonal) can be accomplished by the precise control of different operating parameters and stoichiometry of the reagents. Mesoporous and nano-zirconia which find wide application in catalysis and electronics are synthesized by different methods like solution combustion synthesis, sol–gel synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, co-precipitation, and solid-phase sintering. Recently, biosynthesis of zirconia has taken a quantum leap due to environmental concerns. The synthesized zirconia is characterized by various chemical, physical, and instrumental methods to find out composition, crystal structure, size, and morphology.
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