Management of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Patients under 60 Years of Age

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a significant therapeutic challenge despite progress; also, the management of patients aged below 60 remains challenging. This demographic typically exhibits a heterogeneous response to treatment, influenced by genetic, molecular, and clinical factors. The cornerstone of AML treatment encompasses induction chemotherapy aimed at achieving complete remission, followed by consolidation therapy to eliminate residual disease. Recent advances have introduced targeted therapies, such as FLT3 inhibitors and IDH1/2 inhibitors, which have shown promise in improving outcomes in specific patient subsets with relevant genetic mutations. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains a critical component for those at high risk of relapse, offering a potential cure in the post-remission phase. The decision-making process for treatment is complex, necessitating a personalized approach based on cytogenetic and molecular aberrations.