Nanomedicine for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Chemotherapy

Abstract

Cancer is the uncontrolled proliferation of cells which subsequent spread of other organs of the human body (metastasis). The major therapeutic approaches of cancer chemotherapy are to deliver the correct amount of drug molecule in the desired site (malignant cells) for longer duration of action. Nanomedicine basically by passive as well as active targeting has been implemented for recognition, diagnosis and treatment for cancer and widely accepted in the modern field of oncology. Nanomedicine such as nanoliposomes and polymer based nanoparticles combine with genetic materials administered to the target cells for cancer chemotherapy. The advancement of nanomedicine will improve the therapeutic index of anticancer drug via modulation of pharmacokinetics parameters and tissue distribution to targeted sites. Ligand molecule can be tagged with this nanodevices for recognize the malignant cells via active targeting purposes and drug can be release at the site of specific target area followed by pre-programmed or predictable manner. This novel strategy of drug delivery technology is also applicable for conventional chemotherapy as well as metastatic state of the cancer patients. Targeting of neoplastic cells by nanocarriers play a vital role in novel drug delivery by protecting healthy normal cells from cytotoxicity as well as helpful for preventing the angiogenesis (neovascularization).