Corn for Biofuel: Status, Prospects and Implications

Abstract

Biofuel offers an alternative energy source to meet the energy demands of a growing population of 8 billion while minimizing environmental impact. Globally, around 3000 petajoules of biofuel are produced, diversifying energy sources from conventional to renewable. Corn, rich in starch that can be converted into ethanol, is widely used in biofuel production. Corn-based biofuels are popular due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, their biodegradability, and clean ignition, enhancing energy security. While the current state of corn as a biofuel source appears promising, increasing production requires breeding strategies like varietal crossing and cultivar selection to enhance biomass and starch content. Better agronomic practices and extension strategies are also necessary to improve yield and promote adoption among farmers. Using maize as a feedstock for biofuel production can boost the agricultural industry, create jobs in farming, processing, and transportation, and reduce reliance on foreign oil while preserving foreign exchange reserves. Technological advancements, viz., cellulosic ethanol production, have further expanded the potential use of corn for biofuels due to its abundance and convenience. However, the future of corn-based biofuels is uncertain. Therefore, ongoing innovation, exploration of alternative feedstocks, and cutting-edge technologies are necessary to overcome challenges.