Surface Functionalization Reactions of Graphene-Based Nanostructure and Their Practical Application

Abstract

Graphene (G) has captured the attention of scientists and researchers due to its remarkable electronic, structural, optical, and mechanical properties. While pristine G has been used for various desirable applications requiring high electrical conductivity, there is also a demand for altered or functionalized versions of G, such as G oxide, reduced G, and other functionalized variants, in numerous other applications. The structural alteration of G through chemical functionalization unveils a multitude of possibilities for adjusting its configuration, and various chemical and physical functionalization techniques have been explored to enhance G’s stability and adaptability. Functionalization allows the customization of graphene’s properties, such as electronic, chemical, and mechanical characteristics, to suit specific applications. This chapter highlights the functionalization of graphene-based nanostructure, encompassing both covalent and non-covalent approaches, for a wide range of applications as well as for addressing current challenges and for outlining potential future research directions concerning surface functional modification for G and graphene oxide (GO).