Abstract
The HIV pandemic significantly contributes to the outbreak of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite the increasing number of HIV patients, IFIs receive limited attention. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the prevalence of fungal coinfections among HIV patients in sub-Saharan Africa. Extensive literature searches were conducted on major databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Data were extracted from studies conducted in 19 sub-Saharan African countries. The findings reveal a substantial annual burden of fungal coinfections in individuals with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, totaling 2,210,933 cases per year. The highest burdens are observed in oropharyngeal candidiasis and esophageal candidiasis, with reported case numbers of 1,109,976 and 711,590 per year, respectively. Additionally, pneumocystosis accounted for 221,786 cases per year, cryptococcosis for 144,487 cases per year, invasive aspergillosis for 16,973 cases per year, and disseminated histoplasmosis for 6121 cases per year. The highest burden of fungal coinfections with HIV is observed in Nigeria, with 529,745 cases per year, followed by Mozambique with 318,822 cases per year and Malawi with 309,080 cases per year. A lower number of cases was reported in Senegal, Mali, and Sudan with 3461, 8104, and 8991 cases per year, respectively.