Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index and other inflammatory markers in Odontogenic Cervicofacial Phlegmons

Abstract

Odontogenic cervicofacial phlegmons represent a medical and surgical emergency, being characterized by a high mortality rate. The evolution of the infection toward the superficial and deep cervicofacial spaces is strongly related to the immune status of the individual. These complications are a challenge for the clinician, and a complete assessment of the case is mandatory. By integrating the value of the systemic immune-inflammatory index and other inflammatory markers determined from blood samples, a complete evaluation of the case can be provided from the beginning by assessing the individualized response of the immune system. The systemic immune-inflammatory index has proved its efficiency in assessing the relationship between the host’s inflammatory and immunological condition by integrating the values of the neutrophils, platelets and lymphocytes. Also, the neutrophils-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) can be an important inflammatory marker for revealing the general expansion of the infection. The ongoing treatment and the response are important steps for the outcome of the cases. The quantification of the immune response through these parameters can efficiently guide the initial diagnosis, the treatment options, the continuous monitorization, and, eventually, the prognosis of the patients.