Quantum communication protocols: From theory to implementation in the quantum computer

Abstract

In recent years, notable progress has been achieved in the theoretical investigation of quantum systems as computational tools. This has given rise to the development of quantum computing and quantum information, fields that delve into the feasibility of employing quantum systems for information processing objectives. Essential to the manipulation of qubits and the facilitation of quantum computations are quantum gates. Comparable to classical gates, these quantum counterparts are actions designed to alter the state of qubits. Among them are the Hadamard gate, CNOT gate, and Toffoli gate, each imbued with distinct functionalities that collectively enrich the repertoire of quantum computation tools. As we progress through this chapter, we embark on a journey that unveils the complexities of quantum communication. From the foundational concepts of quantum mechanics to the advanced realms of quantum teleportation, we have witnessed the potency of quantum entanglement to teleport quantum states. Furthermore, we have delved into the practical implementation of circuits using Qiskit, gaining a grasp of the art of orchestrating qubit operations, measurements, and corrections. Standing at the convergence of the quantum and classical realms, this chapter aims to provide a comprehensive perspective, exposing the intricate web of quantum communication and computing, while paving the way for a future in which quantum technologies redefine the boundaries of the achievable.