The Biomarker Flavonoid “Rutin” in Morus Species: Isolation, Identification, and Characterization

Abstract

Rutin, a quercetin-3-O-rhamnoglucoside, is a naturally occurring flavonol ubiquitous in plants, especially Morus species. Rutin, with its antioxidant, antibacterial, and radical scavenging properties, is a promising anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent, potentially improving cardiovascular well-being by reducing inflammation and enhancing blood vessel functionality. Mulberry leaves, rich in nutrients and bioactive components, are used in medicine, human consumption, and animal rearing for their ability to reduce inflammation and act as potent antioxidants. Flavonoids, particularly rutin, possess strong therapeutic and antioxidant properties but have not been fully characterized, necessitating further research to understand their components and pharmacological characteristics. High-performance thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and crystal isolation can be used to isolate and characterize Rutin, a prevalent flavonoid in Morus species. These methods in combination allow for quantitative assessment of rutin content in Morus species, uncovering significant variations and highlighting the need for comprehensive phytochemical studies.