Role of Machine and Deep Learning in the Surgical Domain

Abstract

In recent times, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent across various industries. This can be attributed to advancements in learning techniques, such as deep learning, as well as significant improvements in computational processing speed. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly utilised in the medical field for tasks such as medical image recognition and the analysis of genomes and other omics data. In recent times, there has been notable progress in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications for videos depicting minimally invasive surgeries. Consequently, there has been a surge in research studies focusing on exploring and enhancing these applications. The selected studies in this review encompass various topics, including the identification of organs and anatomy, instrument identification, recognition of procedures and surgical phases, prediction of surgery time, identification of an appropriate incision line, and surgical education.