Abstract
Immunotherapies are revolutionizing strategies for cancer treatment and infectious disease administration, which thus occupy worldwide concerns and enthusiasms for conquering relapsing and refractory immunodysfuction-related diseases. Current preclinical and clinical studies have suggested the partial success and promising potential of cancer management by various immunotherapies such as cancer vaccine, lymphocyte-promoting cytokines, checkpoint inhibitors and the cellular immunotherapy. However, the precise controlled modulation of the recipient’s immune system as well as the concomitant cytotoxicity remains the core challenge in the broad implementation of cancer immunotherapies. In this Chapter, we mainly focus on the latest updates of the cytotoxicity of cancer immunocytotherapy, together with the remarkable opportunities and conspicuous challenges, which represent the paradigm for boosting the immune system to enhance antitumor responses and ultimately eliminate malignancies. Collectively, we summarize and highlight the auspicious improvement in the efficacy and cytotoxicity of cancer immunotherapy and will benefit the large-scale preclinical investigations and clinical practice in adoptive immunotherapy.