Abstract
The use of liners to maintain the vitality and health of dental pulp is an effective method in operative dentistry, which involves placing a protective layer of liner on the exposed pulp to maintain the health of pulp and stimulate dentin cells to make reparative dentin. The use of liners for pulp vitality has been used for many years and is considered an essential part of restorative procedures in operative dentistry textbooks. Liners have traditionally been used to protect the pulp from the potentially toxic effects of different irritants. Liners are currently used for their therapeutic effects or for sealing dentinal tubules against the penetration of microorganisms or their by-products. Different types of materials have been introduced as liners to protect pulp tissue from irritants. Liner materials that have been used for many years include calcium hydroxide, glass-ionomer, and modified resin glass-ionomer. Therefore, this study, performed in the Dentistry Teaching Clinic of Kabul, Afghanistan, aims to present the most frequently clinically used liners in anterior teeth, to maintain pulp vitality.