In Situ and Ex Situ Agricultural Waste Management System

Abstract

The transformation of agricultural wastes, either in situ or ex situ manner can help to ensure nutrient recycling, energy generation, preparation of animal feed, medicines, packaging material, substrate for mushroom cultivation, biofuel production and product formulations. The in situ methods of waste management are prioritized as the problems of collection and transportation from the source can be avoided. The in situ methods are slow and require land and labour. The conversion of agricultural waste into fuel and useful value-added products is gaining traction and demands utilization of appropriate technology. In this context, the technological dependence on ex situ methods is higher than in situ methods. The selection of the particular method depends on the type of waste, process employed and final product required. The remedial measures can lead towards a sustainable future in terms of Safeguarding of human health, protection of soil, conservation of aquatic ecosystem and beneficial soil microbes and pave the way towards a cleaner, healthier and eco-friendly environment and ambience.