Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent bacterial diseases affecting 150 million people annually worldwide. Around 85% of UTIs are caused by Escherichia coli from the Enterobacteriaceae family. The pathogenesis of uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC ) involves adherence, colonization, evading host defenses, and damage to host tissue to achieve virulence. The uncontrolled use of antibiotics worldwide during therapy of UTIs has resulted in increased antibiotic resistance and the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistant (XDR) to UPEC. Bacteriophages have the potential to eliminate and manage resistant biofilm-forming uropathogenic organisms, such as E. coli and control UTIs. The chapter discusses the use of phages as an alternative treatment for UTIs caused by UPEC.
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